Interactions between different system components e. Their interrelationship should be described in detail. Delivering pattern-based solutions is one of the most important techniques that allows software developers to achieve system predictability while saving a great deal of time.
This also makes it possible to quickly deal with typical issues and apply pattern-based solutions to fix them in no time. Data must be protected from unauthorized access.
Therefore, secure software development life-cycle principles should be applied and propagated throughout the entire software structure. For example, information accessible via one software module should not be accessible via another module unless it is explicitly allowed and regulated by the software architecture plan.
Refactoring is the continuous process of bringing improvements to internal software structure without affecting its behavior or functions.
In fact, refactoring practice is a part of the perpetual software maintenance process, and involves regular review of and improvement to the code in order to make it more effective and lightweight.
Both of these are organically integrated into the Agile methodology we use. Software development is a complex art that can easily go haywire if developers fail to adhere to certain fundamental principles. SOLID is an acronym that covers five basic object-oriented programming principles used in Agile software development.
Object-oriented programming breaks down a software program into basic reusable pieces of code blueprint aka classes that are used to improve the quality and productivity of software system design. Object-oriented programming makes it easier and less expensive to make changes to the system. It supports the reuse of code classes and simplifies the integration of components for configuring the system as a whole.
Single responsibility principle SRP : A class has only one job, and only one reason to change. A class with more than one responsibility can weaken the design and lead to damage when changes occur. During the development process, requirements can change and new functionality may be requested. Modifying code can introduce errors into the existing code. Liskov Substitution Principle LSP : Under this software design principle, objects of a superclass should be replaceable with objects of its subclasses, meaning they behave in the same way.
For example, if B is a subclass of A, objects of B should be able to replace objects of A without undermining the performance of the program. In other words, objects of a subclass can replace objects of the superclass without impairing the system.
Interface segregation principle ISP : Each class should have its own isolated interface, and class dependencies should be based on the smallest possible interface. Dependency inversion principle DIP : This software principle states that high-level modules should not be dependent on low-level modules, and both should depend on abstractions.
Abstractions in turn should not depend on details, but vice versa. The underlying premise here is that abstract interfaces and abstract classes are more stable than details, which are variable, and architectures built on abstractions are more stable than those built on details. More good design guidelines and principles exist that can even be called software design stratagems. Most of these are not specific to software design, but are, instead, artifacts of simple common sense. However, they are often neglected by software developers for a number of conjectural reasons.
Today, you can easily find tons of free libraries, ready-made modules, and API-based solutions to significantly speed up your software project. Like Article. Previous Functional modelling and Information Flow modelling. Recommended Articles. Article Contributed By :. Easy Normal Medium Hard Expert. Writing code in comment? Please use ide. Load Comments. It is very much needed for a developer to divide the application into smaller modules so that any rectification is easier to debug as well as to add an extra layer of abstraction so that in a later point of time it becomes easy for the other developer or someone else to analyze the software which will be used for feature enhancement.
Requirement gathering is another factor of software designing where it gets changed devastatingly. Sometimes the customers or clients need some new tool to be used or some new feature to be implemented on top of the abstraction layer described before this design factor and practice.
Moreover, after following the agile methodology it has become very difficult to make the requirements freeze. Therefore, before starting software development the architecture for software design must be created keeping in mind the future implementation and development paradigm.
Modularity is a very good format to be used whenever a complex situation is arising even in daily life scenarios the same applies to software development. If a bigger and complex gets divided and distributed in a smaller chunk or code snippets it will be easier to solve any big problem. Also, the code should not be repetitive. It should be designed in a way that in the mere future when a code change is required it should not be a case that repetitive code snippet is being used.
It should be a case wherein just a line of code or line should get changed and other code snippets should not get affected with that change, but the problem should get sorted out. Optimized and structured way with small code snippet change can easily solve the entire procedure of good snippet modularity. Just need to call the modularity and it should be able to make itself used within an abstraction layer. Graphical Representation and symbols are always a very good way of communication and understandability similar is the case with software design as software products are divided into some categories such as software to produce the desired software or user-centered software whatever the need is it has to follow some set of procedures or ways there these kinds of software to be used directly with the other software plays a good role as architect level designing can be created automatically without any human intervention.
Software designing should be simple. Each class and method have written should have a common purpose. Every new enhancement should be easy to embed with the legacy software and make the entire software easy to maintain as well.
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